Resources

What is this page?

This is a dumping ground for all the tools, articles, and videos that I recommend.

Christianity

General Bible study & scholarship

• Bible Hub – Excellent for comparing translations and finding cross-references (though lacks Septuagint-exclusive references). Note that the ABP concordance is not implemented correctly (Septuagint-exclusive Greek words will link to similar words in the standard NT-only Greek concordance), and one of the search bars is broken in some cases. Includes Brenton Septuagint as one of the translations, albeit with chapters reorganized to match the Masoretic Text; Septuagint-exclusive books and chapters (i.e. those in Daniel and Esther) are unfortunately absent.
• Die-Bibel.de – Simple way to compare translations in parallel; includes Septuagint (presumably Swete’s) and Vulgate.
• Catena – Easy way to find church father commentaries on certain verses; note that many Old Testament commentaries are (of course) referring to the Septuagint version of a passage. Be warned that the translations used may not be entirely accurate (e.g. the Hippolytus of Rome commentary on Micah 2:7-8).
• BiblIndex – Index of Biblical Quotations in Early Christian Literature
• Ante-Nicene Cross-Reference – Wonderful database of Church father citations of the New Testament predating the Nicaea Council of 325 A.D.
• Dubious Passages Rarely Called Scripture – List of passages uncommon both in Greek and Hebrew Biblical manuscripts (and consequently unlikely to be authentic), but which seem otherwise doctrinally sound.

Septuagint

General

• Notes on the Septuagint by R. Grant Jones – Lots of info on the differences and similarities between the Septuagint, the New Testament, and the Masoretic Text. Includes a huge list of NT quotations (and/or paraphrases) of the Old Testament and how they compare to the Septuagint versus the Masoretic Text. See also the condensed 2006 PDF version (which contains at least one error where “out of the mouth of infants” is placed in the wrong agreement table).
• Table of Old Testament quotes in the New Testament – by Joel Kalvesmaki; pretty good table, but still far from perfect
• Comparison of Jeremiah contents/order in Septuagint versus Masoretic Text
• “Job or Isaiah? What Does Paul Quote in Rom 11:35?” – Decent argument in favor of Paul quoting the LXX Isaiah 40:14 in Romans 11:35.
• “Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament” by D. A. Carson and G. K. Beale (2007) – Annoyingly judaized and carrying somewhat liberal priors, but some of the research on connections between Scripture passages is useful; a fair amount of the book is readable for free on Google Books.
• “The Seventy-Two Servants of the Word of God” by Mikkel Søtbæk – Best book on the Septuagint yet released.

Critical editions, transcriptions, & interlinears

• Origen’s Hexapla
  • Fridericus Field’s reconstruction: Vol. 1, Vol. 2
  • Göttingen Hexapla Database for Psalms
• Alfred Rahlfs’ minor critical edition
  • CATSS LXX (Rahlfs’) + Wescott-Hort New Testament – Partially numerically-coded according to standard Strong’s Greek concordance. Jeremiah content reordered to match Masoretic, but Greek chapter numbers are provided. Site can be sluggish.
  • Morphologically Tagged CATSS Rahlfs’ on STEP – Very snappy, but only covers shorter canon; uses “Proto-Theodotion” Daniel; Jeremiah content reordered to match Masoretic.
  • Kata Biblon – CATSS LXX alongside (incomplete and obviously unreliable) wiki translation; most comprehensive free online version in terms of included books.
• Göttingen LXX major critical edition
  • Cheatsheet for common apparatus abbreviations and symbols
  • 1954 edition of Susanna, Daniel, and Bel & the Dragon (predates discovery of Papyrus 967)
• Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP; 2003) – A nearly-interlinear Old Testament + New Testament translation by Charles Lynn VanderPool, Sr. Its Old Testament is based on the Greek Septuagint text of the Complutensian Polyglot, the Sixtine LXX, and Aldine LXX, with readings generally picked based on the agreement of 2 of these 3 sources. Only covers the shorter canon; very Hexaplaric as a result of 2 of its sources; tends to favor harmonization with Masoretic Text. It includes a Greek concordance extended from Strong’s to include words found in the Septuagint but not the New Testament.
  • Official web version – Not the sleekest UI (and lacks hyperlink support), but this is the only online host fully updated to the latest (3rd) edition. (Zechariah 12:10 is a good example of a change in translation compared to the first edition.)
  • StudyBible.info web version – Sluggish site, and not fully updated with all the latest changes in the 3rd edition,, but the AB-Strong concordance links always work.
  • Bible Hub web version – Best UI, but also using an older edition. Also, Greek words that aren’t in the base Strong concordance (i.e. any word with an AB-Strong number containing a “.”) lack pages on Bible Hub, so be warned that clicking on such a word will redirect to a related but separated word.
  • Background and textual basis

Bible manuscripts & translations

For most popular translations, use Bible Hub or Bible Gateway.

• Göttingen LXX Manuscript Catalogue
• Papyrus 967 (scan of manuscript containing parts of “Old Greek” Daniel and Esther, plus Ezekiel)
  • Alternate site
  • Other scans
• New Testament Manuscript Translations by Craig Davis
• Codex Vaticanus (siglum B; AKA “Vat. gr. 1209”; c. 300–350)
• Codex Sinaiticus (c. 325–360) – Psalms 1–35 and Esther have literal English translations provided. (The New Testament has a looser translation, and the rest of the OT only has not-Sinaiticus-specific LXX translations available.)
  • NETS Psalter with annotations indicating Sinaiticus readings
• Codex Alexandrinus (siglum A; c. 5th century AD)
  • Facsimile
  • Alternate scan of New Testament
  • Collation of New Testament
  • Göttingen table of contents
  • Better table of contents (WIP)
  • Page number reference for certain NT passages
  • Text & translation of Isaiah by Richard Rusden Ottley
    • 1st edition (1904; both volumes)
    • 2nd edition (1909; 1st volume only)
• Codex Colbertinus-Sarravianus (siglum G; 4th-5th century) – vellum uncial containing Genesis 31:5–Judges 21:12 with some of Origen’s critical marks preserved.
  • The Aristarchian Signs of Codex Colbertinus-Sarrvianus (2019) – A dissertation by Matthew Ross Miller discussing the critical marks in the manuscript. Judaizing in its assumptions, but useful as a reference.
• Codex Marchalianus (siglum Q; AKA “Vat. gr. 2125”; 6th century) – vellum uncial containing the Prophets (including Baruch & Letter of Jeremiah), with many Hexaplaric marks preserved along with marginal notes.
• Codex Chisianus (AKA Codex Chigianus 45 or Rahlfs 88 or Vatican Chigi R. VII 45)
  • Digital transcription of “Old Greek” Daniel – Incomplete; may contain OCR errors.
• Complutensian Polyglot Bible (1514–1517) – One of the earliest printed editions of the Septuagint; it also includes parallel Vulgate and Masoretic Text (sadly).
• Aldine Bible (1518) – Another early printed edition of the whole Greek Bible. OT closely related (but not identical) to Complutensian.
  • 1550 Nicolaum Brylingerum edition (Old Testament + Apocrypha only)
• Coverdale Psalter (1535; various tweaks made later) – Based on Luther’s German translation and the Latin Vulgate, which functionally means it’s mostly Masoretic, but with Septuagint influences. More dynamic and poetic than most other translations I’ve listed.
  • BCP 1928 edition: 1–50, 51–100, 101-150
• Septuagint editions where main text is directly or indirectly based on Codex Vaticanus (siglum B; 4th-century):
  • Roman/Sixtine Septuagint (1587) – Printed edition based on Codex Vaticanus; commissioned by the Romish Pope Sixtus V for the purpose of assisting those preparing the Sixtine Vulgate. Footnotes are good for learning about textual variants (some of which are not mentioned by any existing English translation), but they’re not easily readable since they’re all in Latin and Greek.
  • Lambert Bos LXX (1709) – Another printed edition of the complete Greek Scriptures, with many variant readings in its footnotes. (Not sure how it compares to the Sixtine printed edition, which it is based upon.)
    • Scanned print edition – Each volume is a separate PDF.
    • Alternate scan – Single PDF.
  • Vetus Testamentum Graecum Cum Variis Lectionibus Edidit Robertus Holmes Continuavit Jacobus Parsons (1798–1827) – Greek Old Testament with Various Readings, Edited by Robert Holmes and Continued by James Parsons.
    • Alternate scan (has ink bleed-through on some pages)
    • 2nd alternate scan: Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4&5
  • Constantin von Tischendorf edition of Septuagint (1869 edition) – Main text is “Roman” (presumably Sixtine) LXX, with footnotes providing New Testament references and variant readings from Codex Alexandrinus and other sources.
    • Alternate scan
  • Henry Barclay Swete’s Septuagint (1905) – Far more accurate printed edition of Codex Vaticanus than the Sixtine Text was. Also includes Codex Chisianus (Old Greek Daniel manuscript) and some other extras from other manuscripts.
• Charles Thomson’s Translation (1808) – Translation of the Greek Old and New Testament. This is the first modern English translation of the Septuagint, and the first American Bible translation. The Old Testament is mainly based on Field’s shorter-canon-only edition of the Sixtine Septuagint (and its footnotes), which itself used Codex Vaticanus as its main text. Unlike most other LXX translations, it seems to be written with an assumption of LXX primacy, and with a comparatively easier-to-read style, albeit with some expected archaisms. Sometimes Thomson renders clearly what more recent translators leave confusing for the non-scholar, but other times his interpretive choices seem to get a bit too “creative”.
  • Web version (sluggish site; lacks footnotes)
  • Old printing with footnotes
    • Volume I (Genesis through 1 Samuel)
    • Volume II (2 Samuel through Psalms)
    • Volume III (Proverbs through Malachi)
    • Volume IV (New Testament)
  • 1954 revision by Charles A. Muses – Contains many alterations throughout (for better or worse), plus an added translation of the Greek-exclusive chapters of Esther.
  • “Letters of Charles Thomson on the Translation of the Bible”: Part 1, Part 2
  • “Charles Thomson’s New Testament: A Description of Three MSS. in the Library of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania” – 1891 article by Albert J. Edmunds describing certain personal manuscripts of Charles Thomson showing different revisions of the translation, along with what may be an unfinished preface.
  • “Charles Thomson and the First American New Testament” – 2011 article by J. Ramsey Michaels providing informative history and observations (albeit tainted slightly by liberal priors) regarding the translation—especially the New Testament.
• Brenton’s Septuagint Translation (1844, 1851) – Based primarily on Codex Vaticanus. Includes Apocrypha and longer-canon-exclusive chapters, unlike Thomson’s translation.
  • eBible.org web edition – Includes all books and the Jeremiah chapter order appendix; lacks some footnotes.
  • Bible Hub web edition – Nice UI, but it lacks footnotes, adds section headings from an unrelated rabbinic-text-based translation, and conforms to the Masoretic chapter/verse order. Apocrypha is not available on this site.
  • CCEL web edition – Includes footnotes, but is also missing some chapters, lacks the Apocrypha, and has poor formatting.
  • Scanned print editions:
    • 1844 (no Apocrypha; has Preface): Vol. 1, Vol. 2
    • 1879 (no Apocrypha; has different Introduction)
    • 1900 (has Apocrypha and parallel Greek)
• New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS; 2009, 2014) – Free modern translation of the Septuagint based on critical texts. Uses similar phrasing to NRSV, but thankfully not quite as libtarded when it comes to pronouns.
• Vetus Latina collection – English translation of Old Latin versions of various books of Scripture

Theology

• The Book of Concord – The complete collection of definitive Lutheran doctrinal statements, online and easily searchable (use quotation marks for exact phrase searches).
• Stone Choir – The best theology podcast on the web.

History and patristics

• Letter of Aristeas (c. 281-246 BC) – Historical account detailing the origin of the Septuagint.
• Justin Martyr’s Dialogue with Trypho (c. 155-160) – Justin defends the Truth claims of Christianity against the objections of a Jew.
• Origen
  • A Letter from Origen to Africanus (c. 203-240) – A defense of the authenticity of the Story of Susanna (one of the Additions, or so they’re called, to the Book of Daniel) and other sections found only in the Greek.
  • Selecta in Exodum – Greek fragments of Origen’s commentaries on Exodus.
  • Homilies on Genesis & Exodus (English translation of Tyrannius Rufinius’ Latin translation) (mirror)
• Fourth Century Christianity – Various writings by Church fathers from the 4th century.
• Christian Classics Ethereal Library
• Patristic Text Archive
• Early Church Fathers (English translations of various works) on tertullian.org
• Anglican.net Collection: “Women’s Ordination” (1547-1748) – Various writings by historical Anglicans against the heretical practice of women’s “ordination”.
• Anglican Articles of Religion (the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571) – The statements of doctrines and practices of traditional Anglicanism.
• Beggars All: Reformation And Apologetics – The ultimate site for debunking father Martin Luther quotes.

Language

• Etymonline – Ever wonder where a word comes from?
• Ancient Greek Lessons by David Luchford
• Tips for learning Ancient Greek by Greg Kane
• Attic Greek pronunciation (and other resources)
• Lexilogos virtual Ancient Greek keyboard – Useful for transcribing, but note that the keyboard mapping differs from a standard Greek keyboard. If you intend to be doing this a lot, consider instead setting up a keyboard shortcut to toggle a polytonic Greek keyboard layout.
• Quick-Reference Greek Ligature Guide
• Webster’s Dictionary 1828 – A dictionary without most of the modern wickedness

Software

Linux

• AppImageLauncher – make AppImages behave like .app files do on macOS

macOS

• Applite – graphical front-end for Homebrew Cask management

Web tools

• cobalt – extract video/audio from a URL + remuxing
• Zen Browser – Firefox derivative with the best browser UI I’ve ever experienced, aside from a few annoying bugs (which prevent me from recommending it to everyone); also, it improves the dithering of CSS gradients compared to base Firefox.

Browser extensions

• Decentraleyes
• BlockTube – block YouTube channels
• Indie Wiki Buddy – stop landing on Fandom Inc. websites
• Old Reddit Redirect
• Return YouTube Dislike
• uBlock Origin – the best ad-blocker
• YouTube NonStop – no more “Continue watching?”

CSS

HTML

• Hypermedia Systems

Minecraft

Building

• MAST (Minecraft Advanced Sign Tools) by bdev42
• Minecraft Dome Generator by Plexofdeath
• Plotz Modeller for Minecraft by Kevin Reynolds
• Sphere generator (with optional stairs) by Marco Milanta

Packs & Modding

• bedrock.dev – Bedrock Add-on API documentation
• Datapack Wiki – tons of info on how to make Java Edition data packs
• Data Pack Generators by Misode – generators, documentation, and other tools for data pack development
• mcmeta – processed, version-controlled history of Java Edition generated data and assets by Misode
• Molang Grapher – graph results of a Molang expression
• mcsrcdev – browse the unobfuscated source code
• slicedlime YouTube channel – high-quality snapshot videos
• How to Upgrade Datapacks – videos by Conure detailing breaking changes (and how to fix them) in your Java Edition data packs
• Smithed – Java Edition pack libraries and conventions
• List of common tags supported by multiple Minecraft modloaders (see also the Fabric list)

Other

• I think you mean… – See what each release of Minecraft would’ve been called using the modern version scheme.
• Minecraft Enchanting Optimizer – Never see “Too Expensive!” again.
• Minecraft Timeline – A quick reference for what updates happened in what year.

PHP

• externals.io – view discussions on the PHP Internals mailing list (see also: PHP Foundation Discourse, which provides a forum-style UI over the same thing)
• PHPStan – must-use static analysis tool

Other coding tools

• Can I Use – browser support tables
• Compiler Explorer – see what your code looks like as assembly and/or machine code
• regex101 – easily create, test, and understand regular expressions

General coding articles/videos

• Object-Oriented Programming Is Bad – Brian Will
• On the use of enums – Larry “Crell” Garfield
• Reducing code motion – Bren(d)t Roose
• That boolean should probably be something else – Mr. Tietz
• The Error Model – Joe Duffy
• Vexing exceptions – Eric Lippert
• What Color Is Your Function? – Bob Nystrom
• Wizards and warriors (5 part series) – Eric Lippert

Miscellaneous

• How to spot fake dollar bills
• “It’s hard to justify Tahoe icons” by Nikita Prokopov
• Xbox Live for Xbox 360 status check
• You Fund This – track your tax dollars